الفهرس 
Effect of solar activity on climatologically variation in Sudan and South of Sudan
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Abstract
This study is aimed at enhancing our understanding of past and present characteristics of climate extremes over the study region based on space-time patterns of the past rainfall and temperature extremes.In this study, we investigated the long-term trend for some of climatic parameters (temperature and precipitation) at 29 stations in the study region with a minimum record of 30 years. The datasets used in this study were monthly rainfall, temperature and mean total sunspots number.Temperature records included both maximum and minimum values for the period 1951 to 2016. The temporal characteristics examined included seasonal trends, and inter-annual recurrences of the extreme lowest/ largest values. The trends were examined using graphical and statistical techniques. This included fitting determination of trends and testing their significance using non-parametric statistical approaches that included the use of Mann Kendall Statistics to investigate the characteristics of the interannual recurrences of the rainfall and temperature extremes.The seasonal patterns of both rainfall records showed that the June, July, August and Septemper (JJAS) season is the peak rainfall season over south Sudan. By using results of aridity index through Walter-Lieth method to illustrate the humid and arid months, the aridity months are more than humidity months. The humid months range from zero to eight months, and the humid months found in south Sudan more than the other regions because the rainfall is two peaks in the rainy season occur in the south