الفهرس 
The Efficacy of Finishing and Polishing Wheels and Discs on Surface Gloss of Nano-filled and Micro-hybrid Resin Composites: An In-Vitro Study
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Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of finishing and polishing wheels and disc on surface gloss of nano-filled and micro-hybrid resin composite restorations. Materials and methods: Two types of resin composite were used nano- filled composite resin (FiltekTM Z350 XT 3M ESPE) and low shrink micro-hybrid composite (filtekTM P90 3M ESPE). A total of 90 resin composite disks of 10mm diameter and 2mm thickness were fabricated using specially designed split teflon mold. Specimens were finished and polished using either wheel (Sof-Lex spiral wheel 3M ESPE) or disc (sof-lex discs 3M ESPE) following manufacturer’s instructions then the specimens will be subjected to pH cycling protocol. The surface gloss of resin composite specimens was measured before and after pH cycling using gloss meter (HORIBA, gloss checker, IG 331, Japan). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis was performed to show the surface aspects of resin composite before and after pH cycling. Mann-whitney U test was used to compare between the two composite types. Kruskal-wallis test was used to compare between finishing and polishing techniques. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare between gloss values before and after pH cycling. Results: There was statistically significant difference between two types of composite and between two finishing and polishing systems. Conclusion: It was concluded that The best gloss was produced in the control group (Mylar strips) among the two composite resin materials tested. Nano-filled resin composite produced better performance in attaining and retaining gloss