الفهرس 
Tumor budding cytokeratin- detection and expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 in invasive duct carcinoma of the breast histopathological and immunohistochemical study
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Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer worldwide, and the leading cause of cancer death in females. Tumor budding was defined as the presence of clusters of undifferentiated malignant cells; single cell to a cluster of {u2264}5 cells located in close proximity to the invasive front of a tumor. Over-expression of MMPs was found to be important for tumor invasion and metastasis. The current study evaluated tumor budding using cytokeratin immunostaining and expression of MMP-2 in 61 cases of breast invasive duct carcinoma. A significant positive correlation was found between tumor budding and breast duct carcinoma NST-type, tumor ill-defined borders, positive lymph metastasis and high proliferation rate, and when budding is combined with positive MMP-2 expression in both tumor cells and stoma; there is significant correlation with estrogen expression and flushed resection margin status. Larger studied with larger sample sizes and patients follow up are needed to document the feasibility of utilizing tumor budding assessment in putting strategies for patient management