الفهرس 
Title: The effect of forearm rotation on strength of elbow muscles at different shoulder positions
AbstractOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Introduction: Elbow is a critical element for a functional upper extremity. The primary functions of the elbow are to position the hand in space, act as a fulcrum for the forearm, and allow for powerful grasping and fine motions of the hand and wrist. Loss of elbow function can cause significant disability and affect activities of daily living, work-related tasks, and recreational activities. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the difference between anatomical zero handgrip and 90{u00B0} pronated hand grip positions on elbow muscle performance at 45{u00B0} and 80{u00B0} shoulder abduction. Subjects and Method: Eighty subjects (Males and Females), their age ranged from 20 to 30 years participated in this study, were classified randomly into four equal groups. group I and group II were tested at anatomical zero hand grip position with shoulder abduction 45{u00B0} and 80{u00B0} respectively. group III and group IV were tested at 90 degree pronated handgrip position with shoulder abduction 45{u00B0} and 80{u00B0}respectively.All the participants were assessed by using Biodex 3 to measure peak torque to body weight and the agonist antagonist ratio of elbow flexor and extensor muscles at angular velocity 60{u00B0} / second. Results: ANOVA test showed that there were no statistically significant differences between anatomical zero handgrip and 90{u00B0} pronated hand grip positions on elbow muscle performance at 45{u00B0} and 80{u00B0} shoulder abduction. Conclusion: There was no effect of the four positions on peak torque per body weight and agonist antagonist ratio of elbow flexors and extensors muscles so strengthening exercises of elbow flexors and extensors muscles can be performed from any position from these four positions