الفهرس 
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Abstract
Summery
This prospective clinical study was carried out on 40 male patients who presented to Andrology, Sexology & STIs department, Beni-Suef University Hospital &Kasr Elainy Hospital from June 2021 till March 2022.
Inclusion Criteria
Normal female factor and infertile men with varicocele.
- Exclusion Criteria
Azoospermia, subclinical varicocele, smoking, congenital anomalies, leukocytospermia, blood transfusion, iron therapy, anemia.
Study Groups
1. Control group: Fertile normozoospermic men (n=20)
2. Infertile men with varicocele group (n=20).
All participants were subjected to:
5. History taking.
6. Clinical examination including assessment of varicocele with scrotal Duplex.
7. Semen analysis according to WHO guidelines (2010) for all subjects .
8. Sub-inguinal varicocelectomy was done under anesthesia using micro-surgical technique for infertile men with varicocele.
9. In the seminal plasma the following was estimated by ELISA methd; transferrin (TFR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and malondialdehyde (MDA) pre as well as 3 months post-operatively
The results were as follows:
1. The mean seminal TFR and GPx levels of infertile men with varicocele pre-operatively showed significant decreases whereas the mean seminal MDA levels showed significant increases compared to the corresponding parameters of the healthy fertile controls.
2. The mean seminal TFR and GPx levels of infertile men with varicocele post-operatively showed significant increase whereas the mean seminal MDA levels showed significant decrease compared to the pre-operative parameters.
3. Seminal TFR demonstrated significant positive correlation with sperm count , total sperm motility (%), sperm normal forms, seminal GPx and significant negative correlation with seminal MDA.
Conclusions
Seminal TFR level is significantly decreased in infertile men with varicocele correlated with reduced sperm count, total sperm motility, sperm normal forms, and OS. This relationship has been significantly improved after varicocelectomy.