الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
AKI is a growing problem worldwide, consuming a lot of resources, and can be variable between high- and low-income countries (Hoste et al., 2018).
Acute kidney injury has been recognized as an independent risk factor for prolonged hospital stay, new-onset chronic kidney disease and increased mortality rate (Murray, 2020).
Early identification of renal injury can prevent progression to AKI and decrease subsequent morbidity, mortality, and additional costs. Failure of most current pharmacological interventions for AKI may be partially due to the delay in the diagnosis of renal injury (Sagheb et al., 2014).
Twenty five ICU patients (56.8%) included in our study were identified as acute kidney injury patients. Nowadays, the prevalence of AKI is increasing: nearly 3-20% for general inpatients, 30-60% ICU patients (Siew and Davenport, 2015).
Our study observed that patients with AKI were older than non- AKI patients. In the aging population, there is heightened susceptibility to drug toxicity, partially owing to altered drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. The results of our study are comparable to those reported by (Yokota et al., 2018).
AKI is a growing problem worldwide, consuming a lot of resources, and can be variable between high- and low-income countries (Hoste et al., 2018).
Acute kidney injury has been recognized as an independent risk factor for prolonged hospital stay, new-onset chronic kidney disease and increased mortality rate (Murray, 2020).
Early identification of renal injury can prevent progression to AKI and decrease subsequent morbidity, mortality, and additional costs. Failure of most current pharmacological interventions for AKI may be partially due to the delay in the diagnosis of renal injury (Sagheb et al., 2014).
Twenty five ICU patients (56.8%) included in our study were identified as acute kidney injury patients. Nowadays, the prevalence of AKI is increasing: nearly 3-20% for general inpatients, 30-60% ICU patients (Siew and Davenport, 2015).
Our study observed that patients with AKI were older than non- AKI patients. In the aging population, there is heightened susceptibility to drug toxicity, partially owing to altered drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. The results of our study are comparable to those reported by (Yokota et al., 2018).