الفهرس 
AcknowledgmentOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The frankincense tree belongs to the family of Burseracea. Its genus is known as Boswellia, that is considered as important resin producing plants. The family Burseracea includes 17 genera and 500-600 species. (Bekana et al. 2014) In ancient time Babylonians, Assyrians, Hindus, Romans, Greek, and Chinese used natural resins. Those people believed that burning of these natural resins produce fragrance and smoke which would not only soothe their souls but also please their Gods (M. Z. Siddiqui 2011). For the early Egyptians, the historians and archaeologists revealed many evidence for the application of olibanum (frankincense) and myrrh for fumigation, and embalmment. Frankincense and myrrh trees are shown on several wall drawings found in the great temple of Deir el-Bahari in Egypt. The old Egyptians sailed to land of Punt (it is assumed around the Horn of Africa and on the other shore of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden ) to transport the frankincense trees back to Egypt for cultivation, but didn’t succeed(Pierro and Bertuccioli 2019; Upsaliensis 2020). The frankincense and myrrh had a great economic value for the early South Arabian cultures of Hadramout and Dhofar (Yemen and Oman respectively) (Paul 2012; Pierro and Bertuccioli 2019). In Arabic language, frankincense is also known as “al-luban”, which mean white or cream and is a basis for its other name, olibanum. (Iram, Khan, and Husain 2017).