الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Water is one of the most vital natural resource and crucial for survival of all living organisms. The scarcity of renewable water resources and the growing discrepancy between demand and supply of water is a major challenge. Provision of clean water is one of the most important issues worldwide However, clean water resources are decreasing every day.
In some countries, irrigation accounts for more than of the developed water supply. Fresh water for agriculture is becoming an increasingly scarce resource because of climate change effects and escalating competition from other water-use sectors. The expanding reduction of water joined with different factors is driving a large number of agriculturists to make utilization of wastewater. In the future, irrigating agricultural fields with this wastewater or treated wastewater could be a common scenario in the developing countries due to the non-availability or scarcity of fresh water.
Egypt, an arid country at the end of the longest river in the world, each year, Egypt use about billion cubic meters of water how is it possible for a country to use extra water than it has Much of Egypt‘s water is used multiple times; the unofficial use of drainage water by farmers is about BCM/year and is rising rapidly with the increase in water crises. Egypt also mashes the dilemma of pollution of water resources by industrial wastewater, agricultural drainage water and municipal wastewaters which may cause many risks to the health of citizen‘s and threaten menace the safety of the water situation in Egypt. Major pollutants in agricultural drains are salts; nutrients (phosphorus & nitrogen); pesticide residues (from irrigated fields), pathogens (from domestic wastewater), and toxic organic and inorganic matters
Within limits, materials like organics and microorganisms can be degraded by the water‘s natural-purification process, or by flowing through wetlands like the Delta. In contrast, inorganic pollutants are not influenced by natural purification processes; their concentrations may only be reduced by dilution. Among the various water pollutants, heavy metal, some of them have a crucial role in the metabolic processes of the biota and essential for organisms as micronutrients (cobalt, chromium, nickel, iron, manganese and zinc. However, at high levels, the essential and non-essential metals become toxic to the organisms, because they are toxic, non-biodegradable in the environment, and easily accumulated in living organisms. Cadmium is one such hazardous heavy metal which does not degrade easily, and has the capacity to accumulate in living organisms, causes significant problems to both the environment and public health.
Many technologies and methods for heavy metal ions removal from wastewaters have been developed. The conventional physicochemical technologies appear to be inadequate or expensive for removing metals at lower concentrations. Several studies have shown that many organisms (prokaryotes and eukaryotes) have a natural capacity to biosorb toxic heavy metal ions. In recent years, the development of nanoscience and nanotechnology has shown remarkable potential for the remediation of environmental problems .Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficiency of a local bacterial isolate to biosorb cadmium ions from aqueous solution. Data are presented in two main chapters