الفهرس 
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Abstract
Abstract
Salt ingestion has been linked to kidney disease via
hemodynamic (increased introglomerular pressure) and non-
hemodynamic mechanisms (increased oxidative stress), independent of
blood pressure. The aim of the present study was to compare the effect
of rock salt (Halite) to refined salt in different concentrations on
chronic renal failure rats. Thirty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats which
weighing (170+5g) were divided randomly into two main groups as
follow: the first group (-ve control= 5 rats) was fed on basal diet. The
second group (25 rats) were fed on 14 % casein diet containing 0.7%
adenine for 4 weeks to induce chronic kidney disease (CKD), then
divided into 5 subgroups from group 2 to group 6. Subgroup 2 (+ve
control) fed on basal diet. Subgroup 3 and 4 fed on basal diet
supplemented with 4% and 8% of refined salt, respectively. Subgroup
5 and 6 fed on basal diet supplemented with 4% and 8% of rock salt,
respectively. At the end of the experimental period (4 weeks), rats
fasted overnight before sacrificing and blood samples were taken from
each rat and was centrifuged to obtain serum which collected to
determine kidney functions. The results showed that serum
concentrations of creatinine, urea, uric acid, sodium and potassium
were significantly elevated (P<0.05) by adenine administration
(positive control) compared to negative control, in contrast, serum total
protein, albumin and globulin were significantly reduced (P<0.05).
Also, it was indicated that rock salt administration recorded the best
changes for these parameters in CKD rats compared to refined salt. It
be concluded that restriction of sodium intake is an important
preventive and therapeutic measure in patients with chronic renal
diseases or at risk of renal damage such as hypertensive. So, it be
recommended to use rock salt instead of refined salt and further studies
are required to elucidate beneficial effect and the mechanism of how