الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Worldwide, colorectal cancer is considered the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death. Metastases from CRC often mimic the histological picture of other adenocarcinomas; differentiation between these metastases can be difficult especially in poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas. The traditional diagnostic markers for CRC (CDX2 and CK20) can be expressed in other non-CRC. For this reason, there is continuous interest in the identification of newer combinations of immunohistochemical markers with higher sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of CRC. The epithelium of lower gastrointestinal tract was found to express high levels of SATB2. It is a nuclear matrix-associated transcription factor and epigenetic regulator which selectively binds to AT-rich DNA sequences, hence the name. SATB2 was initially introduced as a novel marker of osteoblastic differentiation. It also has a role in central nervous system development showing high levels of expression in the cerebral cortex and the spinal cord. This study investigated the immunohistochemical expression of SATB2 in colorectal and non-colorectal carcinomas. Also, the diagnostic value of SATB2 alone, and the double and triple combinations of SATB2 with CDX2 and/or CK20 were evaluated. Moreover, this study analyzed the level of agreement of SATB2 expression between primary CRC and their paired metastatic specimens. In addition, the relation between SATB2 expression with clinicopathologic characteristics in CRC was examined to detect its prognostic role.