الفهرس 
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Abstract
Background: Diabetes is a chronic life-changing event, not just for the sick child but for the entire family. It poses several challenges to family units as a whole.
Objective: To assess frequency and variables of psychological maladjustment among siblings of children with Type 1 diabetes (T1D).
Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted on 100 families with a child diagnosed with T1D; for each family one healthy sibling and one parent were included. All parents and siblings had face to face questionnaire. The Arabic version of the parent reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used to assess sibling appraisal of living with a child with T1D and his/her adjustment. It was self-administered to sibling aged (11-18years).
Results: On evaluating the parent reported SDQ, 68% of the healthy siblings scored within the normal range, 14% were borderline and 18% showed scores in the abnormal range. Regarding SDQ- self report, 62% of healthy sibling were normal and 18% and 20% showed scores in the borderline and abnormal range respectively. Self-reported SDQ showed significantly higher total difficulties scores among siblings in the current study compared to UK norms (p< 0.001). Prosocial problems correlated with diabetes duration in both SDQ-Y and SDQ-O scales. A significant correlation was observed between adolescents’ birth order and developing peer problems, whereas age of healthy sibling at diagnosis of T1D correlated with hyperactivity in young healthy siblings. The current study found a strong positive correlation between sibling’s psychological adjustment (SDQ-Y or SDQ-O scores) and parent stress (PSI domains and total scores). Adolescents who adopted active strategies were better adjusted, while those who adopted negative strategies as emotional regulation and resignation have more psychosocial problems.
Conclusion: Siblings of children with type 1 diabetes are at risk of psychological maladjustment and special attention must be directed to identify siblings at risk who may benefit from psychological support.