الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The main aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of salinity and water deficient on the growth and quality in turf grass species as well as the agricultural practices which can be used to enhance these turf grasses tolerance. Turf grasses are among the most important industries in many countries including Egypt because of the development in landscaping and creating green regions. Soil salinity or saline water irrigation levels are impact on grasses development and growth as a result from direct effects of ion toxicity or indirect effects of saline ions on the soil water potential, which causes soil/plant osmotic imbalance. from previous studies, it was found that the use of hydrogel and biochar in addition to organic fertilizers greatly improved the growth and quality of turf grasses under environmental stress conditions. Also, the utilizing of chemical fertilizers with macro-micronutrients and growth regulators enhanced the growth, turf grasses density and its chlorophyll content. In addition, it was found that amino acids have an important role in increasing the growth efficiency and tolerance of grasses to soil salinity hazard and irrigation water salinity.