الفهرس 
Development of a multiple epitope-based DNA vaccine against avian influenza and infectious bronchitis viruses
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Abstract
The high evolutionary dynamics of viruses renders it as moving targets that is arduous to cope with. This casts burdens on vaccine developers to innovate vaccines that can elicit broad cross-protective and enduring immune responses. In Egypt, both avian influenza virus (AIV) and infectious bronchitis virus (IBV)are considered to be among the most challenging viral infections. Multiple AIV subtypes and IBV variants are co-circulating in the Egyptian field and frequent outbreaks keep up-surging. Multi-epitope vaccines areproposed as innovative and flexible platforms that can accommodate multiple viral antigenic determinantswithin more flexible and immunogenic contexts. This flexible platform can easily adopt the use of immunogenic epitopes, removal of immunosuppressive epitopes, and utilizing multiple subsets of different types of epitopes. In this study, we have utilized the biologically significant data as the main source for epitopes and/or immune-stimulatory sequences. Five prerequisites were set for the epitopes selection, in order to maximize the immunogenic potential of the incorporated epitopes.Three influenza B-cell epitopes, two IBV T-cell epitopes, and one TLR agonists were selected based on the aforementioned criteria. A novel linker was designed to provide enhanced stability, better presentation, and proper processing pattern. The designed novel molecule was evaluated using bioinformatics tools for the assessment of structural quality, immunological potential, and expected intracellular events post translation