الفهرس 
Title : Effect of tramadol on the heart
AbstractOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Background: Detection of significant cardiovascular side effects in tramadol users is a major challenge. 2D speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) provides an objective semi-automated analysis of global and regional myocardial deformation. Aims: Reference values for Doppler parameters according to age and gender are recommended for the assessment of heart physiology, specifically for left ventricular (LV) diastolic function. Methodology: We prospectively studied 100 cases, 50 cases of tramadol users and 50 cases as a control group. For all cases full examination, 12 leads ECG, drug urine screens, quantitative tramadol number in urine and 2D (STE) were performed. Results: A total of 100 cases (mean age: 27.03 +5.49 years) 92 males and 8 females were enrolled at the study. GLS parameters were significantly affected in tramadol group which 46 cases (92.0%) impaired GLS with a mean of (-18.09) +1.60. we found that there is a statistically significant relationship between tramadol and PHT, which 8 cases (16%) of tramadol group had Mild degree of PHT and Mild TR and the P value= 0.006. There was a significantly difference between the GLS and EF obtained by M-mode technique which 45 cases that had normal EF were actually had impaired GLS and only 4 cases that normal EF had normal GLS which confirm that the GLS is one the most accurate early predictor for impaired LV systolic function