الفهرس 
Adverse Effects of an Energy Drink on the Cytoarchitectural Organization and Immunohistochemical and Biochemical Patterns of Pancreas in Adult Albino Rat: Possible Therapeutic Role of Stem Cells versus Nigella Sativa
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Abstract
Background and objectives: Energy drinks are stimulant beverages that contain high amounts of caffeine and other additives. Adolescents and young adults are the target group that consumes these drinks to improve their physical performance. However, these drinks have been observed to threaten public health leading to many medical and behavioral problems. The adverse effects of chronic consumption of energy drink on the cytoarchitectural organization of pancreas in adult albino rat were assessed as well as the possible therapeutic role of stem cells versus that of nigella sativa. Material and methods: One hundred and five adult male albino rats were divided into: Control group and treated group. The treated group was given energy drink for four weeks by gastric tube and then was further subdivided into: Energy drink subgroup 2a, BMSCs-injected subgroup 2b, NSO-injected subgroup 2c and recovery subgroup 2d. Biochemical assessment of serum insulin, glucose, nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-Ü was performed. The oxidant/antioxidant activity and histopathological examination of the pancreas were assessed