الفهرس 
English Cover
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Abstract
Background: Significant increase in the prevalence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) has been reported over the last three decades, paralleling the increasing prevalence of obesity and insulin resistance. A higher body mass index, the presence of type 2 diabetes, hypertension and reduced insulin sensitivity, have recently emerged as strong independent risk factors for chronic kidney disease and ESRD. The aim of the study: to assess renal vascular changes and renal injury in obese children and adolescents through association of obesity with microalbuminuria and measuring renal resistive index. Methods: 72 obese children and adolescents (BMI >2 SDS for age and sex) were studied regarding their history, complete physical examination, anthropometric measurements, pubertal staging and signs of insulin resistance (acanthosis nigricans), kidney function tests, urinary albumin creatinine ratio (microalbuminuria), fasting lipid profile and oral glucose tolerance test, ultrasonographic measurement of renal resistive index (RRI), visceral fat thickness and subcutaneous thickness