الفهرس 
Pattern of Pediatric Urolithiasis in Cairo University Hospitals
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Abstract
The metabolic work-up is essential in all pediatric patients ad has to be tailored for every case, 24 hour urinary calcium, creatinine, oxalate, uric acid, and citrate has to be performed for all stone formers. Ultrasound should be done routinely to all stone formers and the siblings of stone formers. Plain urinary tract imaging should be done to any child with suspicion on ultrasound as a part of the routine investigation for operation.Most of the stones in the pediatric groups have an identifiable metabolic cause 50-90%, and many of them are avoidable. In Egypt, Diet and hygiene improvements may lower the risk of stone formation dramatically before starting any treatment. This is to say, that if the children are having more balanced diet with adequate fiber and calcium intake and avoiding high dietary loads of plant origin protein and high sodium load in diet, this will decrease the recurrence rates. Treatment of urinary tract infections whether symptomatic or not is essential in children as infection by urease producing organism may contribute in stone formation