الفهرس 
Evaluation of solubility, ph, ion release and bioactivity of a chemical-cured calcium hydroxide cement filled with nano eggshell powder :An in-vitro study
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Abstract
The success of pulp capping procedures and the formation of secondary dentin depend on the ability of the dental cement to precipitate apatite deposits (bioactivity). Calcium hydroxide dental cement is commonly used in the dental clinic to stimulate the pulp to form secondary dentin in case of pulp capping. However, the rate of its precipitation of apatite deposits is still not satisfactory. Recently, nano chicken eggshell powder has been proposed to be a good candidate as calcium hydroxide filler due to its chemical composition and nano-size. Therefore, the current study was performed to determine the effect of nano chicken eggshell powder on the solubility, pH, ion release and bioactivity of nano eggshell modified chemical-cured calcium hydroxide cement (Dycal) as compared to Dycal dental cement. The nano eggshell powder was added with 10 wt. % by weight to the base part of the Dycal cement (Dentsply, US). Discs of the modified and unmodified cements were prepared by mixing equal volumes of the base and catalyst pastes using graduated syringe according to manufacture instructions. A total of 24 disk shaped specimens were prepared for each test (solubility, pH and ion release). One half of the specimens were prepared from the nano-eggshell containing cement (modified cement) and the other half was prepared from the unmodified cement (control group). The solubility, pH and ion release were evaluated at different storage times: 1, 7, 14 and 28 days. The solubility test was carried out according to the ISO 4049 guidelines. Each disc was weighed by the electronic balance to determine its