الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present study was carried out during 2020 and 2021 seasons on four date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars, Seidi, Frehi, Maghal 1 and Maghal 2 grown in Siwa Oawsis, Marsa Matruh governorate, Egypt. The trees were spaced at 6 X 6 meters apart and irrigated by flood irrigation. Moreover, date palm trees were uniform and healthy as possible in vigour and size. Vegetative and fruit samples were randomly chosen to measure the morphological relationship among date palms. RCBD was used to make the statistical analysis with five replicates (five samples) for each cultivar were taken to measure the vegetative and fruit parameters in the laboratory of “plant production department at Faculty of Agriculture Saba Basha, Alexandria University”.
The results of this experiment could be summarized as follows:
Morphological studies
● Frond length and forke distance were greatly differed between the studied cultivars, where Seidi cultivar significantly differed from the two Maghal cultivars that consequently differed significantly from Frehi.
● Concerning the leaf area, the differences among Seidi and two Maghal cultivars were so slight not enough to be significant, while all of them were greatly differed from Frehi date cultivar.
● Regarding to the number of spines, Seidi cultivar differed significantly from Frehi, while the differences between two Maghal cultivars and Seidi or Frehi were not significant.
● Bunch weight was statistically differed in Seidi cultivar from Maghal 1 or Meghal 2 and they were varied significantly from Frehi. Yield in kg per tree and in ton per hectare were differed notably among all the cultivars, where the best results were with Seidi, which was significantly varied from Maghal 1, Maghal 2 and Frehi. The differences also among Maghal 1, Maghal 2 and Frehi were greatly significant in Yield in kg per tree and in ton per hectare.
● Fruit weight, size, width, and flesh fruit weight were greatly varied among four cultivars under study. Seidi cultivar greatly differed significantly from Maghal 1, Maghal 2 and Frehi cultivars in weight, size, or width of fruit as well as kernel and flesh fruit weight.
● The differences between Maghal 1 and Maghal 2 in kernel weight were insignificant, while each one of them highly differed from Frehi cultivar.
● Concerning fruit length, Seidi cultivar was extremely higher than Maghal 2 or Frehi, while the differences between Seidi and Maghal 1 were so slight to be significant in fruit length.
● Regarding the indicator of the fruit shape (fruit length/width ratio) the diffrernces were so slight not enough to be significant among Seidi, Megahal 1, Megahal 2 and Frehi date palms