الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study was carried out for the purpose of investigating the use of nano-gypsum in low doses as an innovative method to mitigate salinity-sodicity effects and enhance spinach growth in saline-sodic soil. The used soil was collected from a field of saline-sodic soil located at Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh province, Egypt, as a bulk sample (0- 20 cm), and the following treatments were included. Six treatments consisting of four cost-effective levels of NG at a rate of 960, 480, 240, and 120 kg NG ha-1, in addition to the control and the recommended conventional gypsum dose (” ” " ~ " ” ”30 t ha−1), in a randomized complete pot experiment. The pots of soil were incubated in a laboratory for 2-months and leached 5-times for other 2-months. Then, spinach was grown in the soil for 60 days. The cultivated pots were stacked next to each other, in an open field. The distance between each plant and other was about 20 cm, i.e., 25 plants m-2, to simulate the cultivation in furrows