الفهرس 
• IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Effective treatment of both pre and postoperative pain represents an important component of postoperative care (1).
Regional anaesthesia is a safe,with the advantage of prolonged postoperative pain relief. Effective treatment of postoperative pain blunts autonomic, somatic and endocrine responses (2).
It has become common practice to use a polypharmacological approach for the treatment of postoperative pain, because no drug has yet been identified that specifically inhibits nociception without associated side-effects (2).
Intrathecal and epidural administrations of opioids is frequently used to provide postoperative analgesia. The co-administration of opioids with drugs that would reduce analgesia consumption will be beneficial for post operative pain management (2).
The goal of neuroaxial drug combination is to provide better analgesia with reduction in the incidence and severity of side effects. Ideally a synergestic effect is sough (3).
Magnesium is the fourth most plentiful cation in the body. Ithas antinociceptive effects in animal and human models of pain.These effects are primarily based on the regulation of calciuminflux into the cell, that is natural physiological calciumantagonism and antagonism of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor (1).
Numerous clinical studies investigating the effects of intravenous injected magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) on intraoperative and postoperative pain perception have shown that MgSO4 reduces the intraoperative consumption of hypnotic agents and analgesics, prolong neuromuscular blockade and reduces postoperative analgesia requirements. These effects have prompted the investigation of magnesium as an adjuvantfor postoperative analgesia (4).
Another studies shown that intrathecal magnesium administration prolongs the duration of spinal analgesia(5).
We therefore will conduct a clinical trial with a hypothesis that spinal magnesium may decrease the requirement for postoperative analgesic and improve the quality of analgesia.
Aim of the work