الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Calf diarrhoea is multifactorial disease entity that can have serious
financial animal welfare implications in both dairy and beef
herds.This study aimed to isolate the bacteria causing diarrhea and
biochemical identification of the isolated bacteria and Antimicrobial
susceptibility testing for the isolated strains and Molecular
characterization and virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes of
the isolated bacteria using PCR. A total of 215 fecal samples were
obtained from diarrheic calves
were tested in this study, including 175 buffalo calves and 40 cattle.
The incidence varied amongst farms, ranging from 0% to 27.9%
pervelance. 37.2 % of calves were 1 to 7 days old, 55.8 % were 7
days to 3 months old, and 6.9 % were older than 3 months.
Bacteriological testing, antibiotic susceptibility testing, and PCRbased detection of certain virulence and antimicrobial resistance
genes were all performed. E. coli (85.5 %) , C.perfringens (8.8%)and
Salmonella (3.7%) were the most common bacterial infections
recovered from calves. All Salmonella strains tested positive for the
invA gene, while all C.perfringens strains tested positive for the cpa
gene. The majority of the identified strains were resistant to
clindamycin, erythromycin, and oxytetracycline. The retrieved
strains harbored blaTEM,qnrA, and tetA. Approximatly,96.2 %of E.
coli isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR) to various
antimicrobial classes, 62.5 % of Salmonella isolates were multidrugresistant (MDR) to different antimicrobial classes, 10.5 % of
C.perfringens were extensive drug-resistant (XDR) to seven
antimicrobial classes, and 84.2 % of C.perfringens were multidrugresistant (MDR) to various antimicrobial classes.