الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
MiRNAs have been related to a variety of human disorders, including cancer, heart disease, and diabetes. and others, according to mounting evidence. They serve a variety of important controlling functions related to cell growth, development, and differentiation. When comparing tumours to normal tissues, expression analysis revisions reveal that miRNA expression is disrupted in cancers. In breast, lung, and colon malignancies, microRNAs are downregulated, but in Burkitt’s and other human B-cell lymphomas, they are upregulated. As a result, human miRNAs are expected to be extremely valuable as biomarkers in the future, particularly for cancer diagnosis, and are rapidly becoming appealing targets for disease intervention. This work aimed to elucidate whether some specific types of miRNAs (such as miR-133a2, miR-21, and miR-205) can act as prognostic biomarkers for Endometrial uterine cancer (EC) in Egyptian patients. 8.1. Experimental Design: 8.1.1. Patient Groups: - The present study was carried out on 15 blood samples from healthy volunteers (age range 50-67 years, mean 58.20 ± 5.17 years, and median age 58.5 years old) who served in group 1 (G1). group 2 (G2) were 36 patients who suffered from EC (age range was 50-65 years, mean 57.44±5.01 years, and the median age was 57.5 years old). 8.1.2. Quantitative Real-Time PCR for Gene Expression Analysis: - Using the Direct-zol™ RNA MiniPrep plus kit, microRNA was extracted from all experiment groups. (Irvine, CA 92614, U.S.A.) compatible with TRI Reagent® (Catalog no. R2050). - The SensiFASTTM cDNA Synthesis Kit was used to make complementary single-stranded DNA (cDNA) from 1 μg of pure miRNA (Bioline, Catalog no. BIO- 65053)according to the manufacturer’s manual. - Hot Start Taq DNA Polymerase, a modified variant of QIAGEN Taq DNA Polymerase, was used to perform real-time PCR assays. - The expression levels were shown as n-fold variations around the calibrator (RQ; qReal-time PCR). Using the expression of 2– ΔΔCT. the value was used to scheme the expression of the devoted genes. CA 125 Quantitative Determination in an In Vitro Assay - CA 125 antigen was quantified in the serum of all patients and control participants. was performed by CA125 II™ family collection assay on the LIAISON® Analyzer (LIAISON® DiaSorin, Italy). Determination of complete blood count and serum glucose level - The complete Blood Count Assay was performed by the Full Automated CBC counter URIT-3300 Serial No. E1122, China. Blood glucose levels (the subjects were 8 to 12 hours fasting before analysis), Spectrum Diagnostics, Hannover, Germany, provided commercial kits for the renal and liver function tests. according to the manufacturer’s manuals. Results: - Age distribution: The age difference between the two groups was not significant. (P>0.05). - Blood picture, random blood glucose levels, liver and kidney enzymes levels: The hemoglobin level showed a statistically significant decrease in patients below the control, and the total numbers of WBCs Patients’ rates were much greater than the control group’s.The platelet count was significantly lower in patients than in the control. Data for Random Blood Glucose were incomparable between the two groups. The creatinine levels in control individuals and patients were almost similar, while the Urea levels in patients were found to increase over the controls, both were in the normal range. Also, the activity levels of the liver enzymes ALT and AST in patients were significantly increased than in controls, albeit, all levels of kidney and liver function enzymes for patients and control are within the normal clinical range. - CA 125 levels in Serum: There was a highly significant increase in CA 125 in patients more than in the control group. - Quantitative miRNA gene expression analysis: The average normalized expression (RQ) of miR133a-2 was found significantly elevated in patients of group 2 by When compared to the normalised normal control, the increase is around 12-fold . miRNA expression in GAPDH. Also, the relative expression of miR-21 is found significantly elevated in patients’ sera by about 7-fold as compared with RQ levels of normalized controls. Moreover, the miR-205 has also shown about 4-fold overexpression above controls normalized with the endogenous housekeeping control.