الفهرس 
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Abstract
he object of the current thesis was to study the formulation of spanlastics and bilosomes loaded with carvedilol as a model beta blocker antihypertensive drug. The ethanol injection method was employed for the preparation of spanlastics. The spanlastics were prepared according to 23 full factorial design using tween 80 or brij 97 at concentration 10 or 20% using two different stirring speed 800 or 1200 rpm. While, bilosomes were prepared by thin film hydration -sonication method according to 32 full factorial design using soya bean phosphatidyl choline (SPC)and cholesterol as lipids. Total lipids concentration used was either 1, 2 or 3% at three different cholesterol levels 10, 20 or 30%. Different nano vesicles formulae were characterized for particle size, poly dispersity index, zeta potential, deformability index (for spanlastis), percent carvedilol released after 24 hrs and total amount of carvedilol permeated through sheep buccal mucosa after 24hrs(Jmax ).The best vesicular formula from the different formulations was selected using design expert (the highest desirability value).The optimum spanlastics and bilosomes formulae were evaluated for DSC, TEM, stability study and photographed by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) to visualize degree of formula penetration into sheep buccal mucosa against rhodamine B solution then, incorporated into 1%CMC mucoadhesive wafer and 2%HPC-CMC sponge respectively for buccal application and properly characterized.The wafer and sponge were evaluated in-vivo using male Albino rats (180-200 g) compared to commercial carvedilol tablet (Carvid®). In vivo studies (pharmacodynamic study and biochemical evaluation) showed considerable improvement in blood pressure, the lipid profile, oxidative stress biomarkers, and cardiac markers. Histopathological studies revealed the superiority of S2 wafer and BL9 sponge in the protection of heart tissues over Carvid®. The results achieved indicate that spanlastics based wafer and bilosomal based sponge offer promising improved trans-buccal carvedilol delivery systems.
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