الفهرس 
Sustainability and Flexibility throughout historyOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Architects attempt to develop innovative solutions for enhancement of sustainability and reduce the negative impact of the lack of resources and energy besides all forms of pollution on the built environment. For example, flexibility in architectural design, which means that the building is able to change and adapt to changing population needs and environmental conditions, is an important step towards saving energy and achieving comfort for the population and solving many architectural problems by increasing the life of the building and making it more environmentally and economically adaptable.
selecting flexible buildings designs and reusable sustainable materials for achieving flexibility and sustainability in buildings is not easy. In the last decades, the idea of using shipping containers as new buildings components has appeared due to their numerous advantages concerning energy efficiency, flexibility, sustainability and reasonable cost. Although architecture in Egypt is subjected to continuous change and proposing solutions for many unresolved problems such as population inflation and slums, shipping containers have not been commonly used in Egypt as a building element until now.
Within this framework, this research focuses on first: a presentation of the concept and advantages of sustainable flexible architecture and clarification of the extent to which this concept is achieved in container architecture, by analyzing a number of international residential buildings that use shipping containers as a building element and knowing their architectural and environmental characteristics.