الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Schistosomiasis is one of the most common parasitic diseases in tropical and subtropical countries. About 240 million people are infected and 800 million individuals are at risk in 74 countries, predominantly in the developing world (Steinmann et al., 2006; Colley,2014; and WHO.,2022). It excessively affects poor populations who have limited access to potable water and sanitation (El Ridi et al., 2014).Human Schistosomiasis is caused by trematode parasites of the genus Schistosoma, of which three major species; Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni), Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum), and Schistosoma haematobium (S. haematobium). In Egypt, S. mansoni is more prevalent compared to other schistosome species (Helmy et al., 2009). The disease is considered an important helminthic infection since it is associated with severe morbidity; it is mostly affecting the liver causing granulomata and hepatic fibrosis (Gryseels et al.,2006).