الفهرس 
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Abstract
The thesis consists of three chapters. Chapter 1: Includes general introduction about these compounds. Chapter 2: This chapter is divided into two parts: Part 1: Introduction about Cannabis sativa. Part 2: A simple, sensitive, selective, reliable, least time consuming and expeditious method for the quantitative determination of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) in the organic extract of Cannabis sativa was developed and validated. Δ9-THC concentrations were determined using LC–MS/MS triple stage quadrupole (TSQ). Chapter 3: This chapter is divided into two parts: Part 1: Introduction about forensic toxicology. Part 2: Three LC-MS/MS methods for simultaneous detection and quantification of tramadol with morphine (mixture 1) or diazepam and nalbuphine (mixture 2) or bromazepam (mixture 3) in urine were developed and validated. Urine samples were extracted using solid phase extraction (for mixture 1 and mixture 2) and liquid - liquid extraction (for mixture 3). Key