الفهرس 
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Abstract
The retinal circulation is ordinarily an end-artery system that does
not communicate with the blood vessels of the choroid and ciliary body;
blockage of the retinal venous circulation thus leads to significant retinal
damage with accompanying visual loss. As such, retinal vein occlusions
(RVOs) constitute the second most common cause of retinal vascular
disease after diabetic retinopathy, with a prevalence of between 1 and 2%
in persons older than 40 years of age.
Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is the second leading cause of vision
loss in patients with retinal vascular disease. Although its pathogenesis
remains unclear, risk factors include hypertension, hypercholesterolemia,
diabetes, and glaucoma. Macular edema is a significant cause of vision
loss in patients with central retinal vein occlusions (CRVOs). Ischemic or
hypoxic conditions of the inner retina in patients with CRVO have been
associated with increased capillary permeability, macular edema, and
neovascularization.
Fortunately, the introduction of these anti-vascular endothelial
growth factor VEGF agents, such as ranibizumab and bevacizumab,
offers a potentially new treatment approach for clinicians managing this
disorder. Compared with the irreversible destruction and unimproved
visual acuity of paracentral retinal tissue by macular laser coagulation and
the side effects and limited duration of intravitreal triamcinolone
acetonide, intravitreal injection with such drugs may be significantly
better treatments. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Ranbizumab
for treatment of macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion.
This is a prospective randomized controlled clinical trial including
35 eyes of patients with macular edema due to retinal vein occlusions RVOs). This study was conducted in Menoufia university hospital
during the period study from March 2018 till February 2020.
Inclusion criteria: Center involved macular edema secondary to RVO
(BRVO or CRVO) present on clinical examination.
Exclusion criteria: Macular edema due to diabetic retinopathy, Prior
treatment with intravitreal corticosteroid at any time, History of focal or
grid macular photocoagulation, Prior pars plana vitrectomy, IOP≥25
mmHG, or steroid induced IOP elevation that requires IOP lowering
treatment, Aphakia and Patients under went recent cataract surgery.