الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Antipyretics are drugs that lower the body’s temperature when it is infected with a fever. Fever is a pathologic rise of the normal body temperature; it is a dynamic process that resists external conditions changes (Van Arman, et al., 1985). Antipyretics have no
influence on the normal body temperature unless the person does not have a fever. The most common antipyretics are aspirin and paracetamol, which are commonly used as pain relievers. Anti-fever, anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving qualities are all present in these
antipyretics. However, the fever is a natural aspect of the immune system’s reaction to infection, there is considerable debate about when these drugs should be used (Mackowiak
and Plaisacne, 1998).
Mechanisms of antipyretic action. Antipyretics work by preventing pyrogens from ”increasing the setpoint,” or creating a higher level of physiological temperature regulation,
where the release of endogenous pyrogen by leukocytes is assumed to be a two-step process (Atkins & Bodel, 1974). First, some signals ”activate” the cells, such as phagocytosis or
the presence of bacterial endotoxin. After more incubation in the presence or absence of these stimuli, the LP (Liberation Prolongée) from activated cells can be released (clark,
1997). Acetaminophen, aspirin, and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have complex antipyretic properties that reduce inflammatory signals on numerous levels.
Despite the fact that inhibition of the COX enzyme is a fundamental component of these drugs’ antipyretic properties. (Aronoff and Neilson, 2001).
Paracetamol. Generic name for paracetamol (oral/rectal) (par RA cet a MOL) and alternative name for Acetaminophen (SEET a MIN oh fen) (www.drugs.com). The most
widely used treatment in the world is Paracetamol (Acetaminophen). Paracetamol is believed to be a multi-drug, with at least five metabolic pathways involved in its analgesic and antipyretic effects. Paracetamol works by inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX-1, COX2, and COX-3) as well as interfering with the endocannabinoid system (ESC), and
Serotonin and Paracetamol also inhibit T-Cav3.2 calcium channels and affect transient receptors (TRP) and Kv7 voltage potassium channels. It also affects L-arginine in the
formation of Nitric Oxide (Przybyła et al., 2021).
Ibuprofen. Ibuprofen is one of the most common analgesic drugs - used in many
treatments, the most famous of which is antipyretic and anti-inflammatory and is probably second only to Aspirin and Paracetamol in over-the-counter use to relieve symptoms of fever, acute pain and inflammation, however, patterns of use of these analgesics vary greatly. Among countries, over-the-counter Ibuprofen is arguably the least dangerous of these three painkillers, as it has been associated with a small number of accidental ingestion
and major adverse effects. In fact, Ibuprofen has been called the mildest (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)with the fewest number of adverse effects from prolonged use. Moreover, Ibuprofen is used as a drug that can treat a variety of chronic and acute
105 inflammatory disorders (Rainsford, 2009). Ibuprofen may cause a significant effect in mice as it significantly decreases sperm and chromatin (DNA integration) parameters. It
should be noted that these negative effects are dose dependents they can occur early and late during drug therapy. (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4695685/).
High doses of Ibuprofen have been shown to clinically delay the progression of lung disease in patients with cystic fibrosis (lands and Dauletbaey, 2010).
Forty male albino mice were randomly selected from animal house at Faculty of
Pharmacy, Pharos University, Alexandria, Egypt. These forty male albino mice (mus
musculus) (20-30g) were transferred and housed at the Medical Research Centre,
Alexandria University. The animals were kept in plastic cages (five animals per cage) in a room maintained at proper environmental conditions (temperature 25℃, humidity 50% and 12 hours light/dark). Then, the animals were given free access to food and water and were daily observed for abnormal signs for one month before starting the experiment. Forty male albino mice were divided into three groups (C), control group and two experimental groups
(A and B). The experimental groups were treated with various concentrations of
Paracetamol and Ibuprofen drugs (A1, A2, A3 and B1, B2, B3, B4), respectively.
Firstly. the animal groups were given antipyretics (paracetamol and ibuprofen) in the doses mentioned in the upper section in all separate animal groups (five mice for every group) every day for a whole month orally for was done.
Secondly, an experiment for groups A, B and C was done to find out the Assessment of Micro and Macro DNA Lesions Induced by Some Antipyretics for 30 days.
The body weight of mice Mice were weighed before and after treatment with paracetamol and ibuprofen. The results
in group C increased the weight of the mouse by A group normal percentage, while group was less than control and group B also, We conclude from here that this decrease is natural and has no significance.
Hematological analysis After examining the blood groups of mice, the following was found:
➢ White blood cells
The results were after treatment with paracetamol and ibuprofen average amount
of red blood cells percentage in group A and B less than of control. after
completing the statistical calculations, the WBCs were not significant, where
there are differences were found among the three groups (A, B and C) before and
after paracetamol and ibuprofen treatments.
➢ Red blood cells The results were after treatment with paracetamol and ibuprofen average amount of red blood cells percentage in group A and B less than of control. after completing the statistical calculations, the RBCs were significant, where there are
106 differences were found among the three groups (A, B and C) before and after paracetamol and ibuprofen treatments.
➢ Hemoglobin (HGB)
The average amount of hemoglobin in group A and B is more than of control. after completing the statistical calculations, the Hemoglobin were significant, where there are differences were found among the three groups (A, B and C) before and after paracetamol and ibuprofen treatments.
➢ Platelet (PLT) The average amount of Platelet percentage in group A and B less than control.
after completing the statistical calculations, the Platelet were significant, where there are differences were found among the three groups (A, B and C) before and after paracetamol and ibuprofen treatments.
➢ Lymphocytes (Lymph)
The average amount of Platelet percentage in group A and B less than control. after completing the statistical calculations, the Lymphocytes were significant, where
there are differences were found among the three groups (A, B and C) before and
after paracetamol and ibuprofen treatments.