الفهرس 
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Abstract
The thesis aimed to investigate the ability of SeNPs to protect against VCM-induced nephrotoxicity in experimental rats. Treatment with SeNPs significantly reduced serum markers of kidney and levels of MDA, iNOS, NO, TNF-α and KIM-1 in the kidney tissue. Administration of SeNPs also downregulated the expression of AMPK, Bax, caspase 3 and 9, and enhanced the activities of GPx, catalase, SOD, levels of ATP, Bcl-2 and the mitochondrial enzyme complexes in the kidney. SeNPs alleviated VCM-induced nephrotoxicity through their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and mitochondrial protective effects.