الفهرس 
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Abstract
certain insects
Physiological studies
1-INTRODUCTION
The black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon, (Hufnagel) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is an insect pest with great agricultural importance worldwide. In Egypt, it infests cotton (Gossypium barbadense) seedlings and cause severe damage to many economic winter crops, for example, clover (Trifolium alexandrinum), wheat (Triticum aestivum), and bean (Vicia faba) (El-Kady et al. 1990 and Abo El-Ghar et al. 1994) The black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon, is highly polyphagous and attacks a large number of crops worldwide (Ram et al., 2001; Binning et al. 2015).It constitutes a major group of insect pests because of the damage they inflicts to a large number of agricultural crops and their wide distribution (Vendramim et al. 1982). It is one of the most dangerous species of underground pests and can feed on more than 100 host plants viz., corn, wheat, cotton, soybean, vegetables and many varieties of weeds (Liu et al. 2015). It has habit of cutting off a seedling at ground level by chewing through the stem and got their name from this habit. One larva can have the ability of cutting off several plant seedlings in a night. Sometimes they drag the cut plant parts beneath the soil and feed upon them during day time. When disturbed, the cutworms typically coil up tightly into ‘C’ shape. The cutworms usually remain hidden during the day and feed mostly at night. In particular, A. ipsilon larvae can cause serious damage at the fourth-sixth and