الفهرس 
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Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles are used in a wide scale of applications. However these different applications, TiO2NPs have serious adverse health hazards particularly mutagenicity, genotoxicity, cytotoxicity and carcinogenicity. Geranium essential oil which is extracted from geranium leaves has been used for treatment of diabetes, diarrhea, inflammation, gall bladder and liver problems, gastric ulcer and sterility; in addition to a wide range of pharmacological properties including immune-stimulant, antimicrobial, hypoglycemic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Also, GEO has the ability to capture the free radicals, inhibit the formation of new free radicals resulting in reducing oxidative stress.
The purpose of the current study was to synthesize and characterize Titanium dioxide nanoparticles and to describe the components of Pelargonium graveolens essential oil. Furthermore, for investigation of GEO protective potential against TiO2 NPs-induced reprotoxicity in male Wistar rats. To accomplish this purpose, semen assessment, testicular antioxidant enzymes, hormonal levels, the expression pattern of mRNA of steroidogenesis, and mitochondria biogenesis-related genes were analyzed. Besides, a histological evaluation of testicular and epididymal tissues and prostate gland and morphometric appraisal was done.
Synthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticles have a spherical shape with a small amount of aggregation. They had an average particle size of between 50 and 100 nm, with average about 85 nm.