الفهرس 
EFFICACY OF CERTAIN CHEMICAL CONTROL AGENTS AGAINST LAND SNAILS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCES TO THEIR PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
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Abstract
The molluscicidal activity of 6 pesticides (Oxamyl, L-cyhalothirin, Dinotefuran,Emamectin benzoate, Cadusafos, Chitosan and three bioagent control spurge plant extract, thymol and mineral fertilizer and their combination were studied against the land snail Eobania vermiculata under laboratory and field conditions. Results showed that oxamyl and chitosan were the most toxic pesticides. Also, the thin film was more effective than dipping method. The combination of EMB with thymol as dipping and contact methods gave a highly potency effect 86.6% co toxicity factor under laboratory conditions while thymol was the most toxic compound under field conditions. The reproductive system of snail represent essential part which organize the population of snails.Therefore this study was directed to evaluate the effect of different chemical compounds on the fecundity and fertility of the tested land snail.Chitosan and EMB prevented the land snail from laying eggs permanently.The effect of LC50 of biopesticides,chitosan (ch) and emamectin benzoate (EMB) LC50 on Eobania vermiculata (Muller) reproductive system was studied. Land snails were treated by using thin film layer technique.The snails were dissected and reproductive system organs were weighted and examined for any pathological changes at 24,48 and 72 hrs post treatment. Moreover, steroidal hormones were determined after 72 hrs of treatment with either Ch or EMB in comparison with untreted snails. Results revealed that the penis and dart sac were increased in the size, while sperm oviduct and ovotestis were decreased at the three different periods comparing with the same organs of untreated snails. Inaddition there was swelling in the size of some organs such as penis and vagina, while there was stunting in albumen and sperm oviduct at 72hrs of treatment with Ch or EMB.However, histological examination showed damage for the ovotestis and induced cells atrouphy in the dart sac and penis.The incidens of both compounds on the level of steroidal hormones gave a flactuated results by either increasing or decreasing