الفهرس 
BIOMECHANICAL ALIGNMENT OF LOWER LIMB AS A PREDICTOR FOR STRESS URINARY INCONTINENCE IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN
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Abstract
Background: Stress Urinary Incontinence (SUI) is medical problem affect postmenopausal women characterized by the involuntary loss of urine with increases in intra-abdominal pressure. It was reported that any malalignment in the lumbar and pelvic regions leads to inadequate pelvic floor muscle (PFM) activity and force distribution in these areas, which might be connected to urinary incontinence. Purpose of the study: was to provide an evidence base for the relationship between biomechanical alignment of lower limb and (SUI) as well as using biomechanical aligment as a predictor for stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in the postmenopausal women as well as used as a predictor for SUI in the postmenopausal women. Participants: A sample of three hundred postmenopausal women were selected from Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Oum El Masryn General Hospital, Giza. Their age ranged from 55-65 years and body mass index (BMI) was less than 30 kg/m2 .Participants were assigned into two groups (group A) normal group (n= 117) and (group B) abnormal group (n=183) after the diagnosis for presence or absence of SUI by the following : measuring Post Void Residual (PVR) urine volume using the transabdominal ultrasound and the Questionnaire for Urinary Inconenence Diagnosis (QUID). Methods: An observational cross sectional study in which the participants had received assessment measurement of post void residual (PVR) urine volume, , pelvic incidence (PI) angle (pelvic tilt (PT) angle + sacral slope (SS) angle), Quadriceps (Q) angle, femoral anteversion angle, tibial torsion angle and navicular bone height (NH) difference in addition to the Questionnaire for Urinary Incontinence Diagnosis (QUID). Results: Revealed that there was strong positive correlation ( P< 0.0001) between Post Void Residual (PVR) urine volume and tibial torsion, femoral anetversion,pelvic incidience (PI), Pelvic tilt (PT), and Sacral slope (SS). Weak positive correlation ( P< 0.0001) between PVR and navicular bone height (NH) , and strong negative correlation between Post void Residual ( PVR) urine volume and Q angle. positive regression (p=0.0001) between PVR and tibial torsion