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Abstract Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of 3D printed patient- specific guide to direct the passage of inlet and outlet needles into the superior joint space of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) during TMJ arthrocentesis. Methods: This study included eight patients with twelve TMJs with anterior disc displacement with reduction. A 3D patient- specific guide was designed for each patient to direct the inlet and outlet needles into the hidden superior joint space of the TMJ. The guides were implemented, and its accuracy to lead the needles into the superior joint space was assessed. Results: Both arthroscopic verification and clinical evaluation revealed direct and safe access to all the predetermined anatomic locations in the TMJs, except in one case, during which the patient failed to maintain the maximum mouth opening during CT scanning and the guide mapping was compromised |