الفهرس 
Title: Development of Nanoparticle Based Modified Electrodes for Biosensor
AbstractOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
A biosensor is an analytical device, which converts a biological response into an electrical signal. It is used in order to determine the concentration of substances and other parameters of biological interest even where they do not utilize a biological system directly. For example: Renal insufficiencies and muscle diseases can be easily identified from the concentration of creatinine in blood and urine. Optical techniques are the most common methods for sensing the biologically important molecules. However, these methods have many problems related to selectivity, response time, and lifetime. Herein, electrochemical techniques are developed to overcome these problems where the sensors are based on chemical reaction. In this way, firstly, the analyte changes into another substance, then sensors measure the new substance. In this context, developing a suitable electrochemical biosensor with long-term stability, low cost, high sensitivity and selectivity for the detection of urea.The main objective of this study is the development of electrode modified with nanoparticles metal/metal oxide (and/or) polyaniline as biosensor for urea and this target includes Preparation of Glassy carbon electrode modified with nanoparticle Metal/Metal oxide and/or poly aniline as biosensor for biologically important molecules. Morphological and electrochemical characterization of the prepared modified electrode using various techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)