الفهرس 
Title : Comparative study between tibial lengthening in patients with achondroplasia via ilizarov frame with pin casting technique and ilizarov frame and plate
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Abstract
Surgical lengthening of the limbs is invasive, dangerous, complex and long-term. It is associated with a high degree of risks.Moreover, it requires a special psychological approach on the part of the patients and their families. However, it can be a reasonable option for patients with achondroplasia, not only for improving height but also improving self-esteem and quality of life. Patients need to be carefully selected, counseled and frequently monitored for any complications; that should be promptly addressed when they occur.The aim of this study was to analyze the results and complications of tibial lengthening in achondroplastic patients by the Ilizarov method followed by cast application or plating. The study included 20 tibiae of 10 achondroplastic patients (7 females, 3 males; with a mean age of 7.3 years).Tibial lengthening in achondroplastic patients by Ilizarov frames followed by cast application or plating after frame removal provided a reduction in external fixation time, with a relatively low rate of complications. Regarding our results, the average follow-up time was 1 year. The mean amount of the regenerate length was 6.15 cm (range: 4 to 9 cm). The mean amount of the final tibial length was 19.8 cm (range: 13.8 to 27.7 cm). The mean lengthening ratio with respect to the original segment was 44.8 % (range: 36 to 52 %).The mean external fixator index was 17.38 days/cm (range: 12 to 30 days/cm). The mean healing index was 15.7 days/cm (range: 10 to 26.25 days/cm)