الفهرس 
Trials for preparation of improved bivalent live and inactivated NDV (Clone 30) and infectious bronchitis virus vaccine
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Abstract
Aim: Vaccination of chickens with a clone-selected Lastoa strain of Newcastle disease virus and to develop a mucosal inactivated vaccine for Newcastle and infectious bronchitis viruses to protect against these viruses infections through mucosal immunity, Preparation of bivalent live and inactivated vaccines of clone 30 and Infectious bronchitis viruses and comparing it with it{u2019}s monovalent homologus vaccines and monovalent and bivalent lasota and Infectious bronchitis live and inactivated vaccines. Materials and Methods: In this study, we prepared two new formulations of bivalent vaccine, live and inactivated vaccine formulations for Newcastle ( clone30 , lasota) and infectious bronchitis virus strains. The prepared live vaccines were delivered via oral route in drinking water and the prepared inactivated vaccines were delivered via spray route and subcutaneous injection in specific pathogen-free chickensm,Cell-mediated and humeral immune response was measured as well as challenge trial was carried out. Results: Our results showed that the use of live clone30 vaccine giving almost the same protective level as Lasota strain live vaccine with minimal adverse clinical post vaccinal reactions as clinical respiratory disease which being happened usually in live Lasota vaccination, In addition to that, the bivalent vaccine gives the same results as the monovalent live prepared vaccine. Also, the use of bivalent inactivated vaccine giving a very good protective level as achieved by monovalent inactivated vaccines which saving the cost and load of multiple vaccination programs. Also, the use of polymer Montanide adjuvant revealed that it enhance the cell mediated immune response as indicated by lymphocyte blastogenesis assay