الفهرس 
Gene transfer in rat stem cellsusing laser micropuncture technology
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Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered as adult stem cells with the greatest therapeutic potential. This potential may be optimized by transforming them with genes which will improve their therapeutic ability or are therapeutic by themselves. The present study aimed to apply laser technology in improving the performance of stem cells in advanced technologies especially gene technology, genetic engineering, tissue engineering and medicine. Primary culture of mesenchymal stem cells ( MSCs ) derived from rat bone marrow (rBM) were used here in laser {u2013} gene transfer technology to introduce exogenous DNA (EGFP reporter gene) carried by (pEGFP {u2013}N1-wt VHL) plasmid vector, using special setup including mechanical system, (diode pumped 2nd harmonic of Nd: YAG laser(, special software controlling the mechanical motion with the laser pulse .In addition to specially design, the optical system . Results: indicated the presence of EGFP transgene and also the plasmid itself in the transfected (rBM- MSCs) and confirmed by the following techniques: 1- CLSM. 2- PCR analysis. 3- RS spectroscopy. Moreover, TEM was provided to account for possible ultradamages or ultra- cytotoxicity caused by laser micropuncture in transgenic (rBM- MSCs). Conclusion: the success of the proposed laser technique in transferring gene with high efficiency (66.67%). Recommendation: To apply this novel technology diode pumped 2 nd harmonic Nd: YAG laser in introducing gene (s) of high value in human and animal cells to alter its failure or less expression and function which showed greatest therapeutic potential and promises of laser Microbeam as a physical agent or strategy in gene therapy , cell therapy and tissue engineering