الفهرس 
Synthesis and characterization of perovskite materials {u2013} towards efficient electrocatalytic properties and stability enhancement of solar cells performance
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Abstract
The present study aims to evaluate different perovskites for various applications including urea electrochemical oxidation and enhancement of materials characteristics for light harvesting of solar cell devices. Perovskite oxides were synthetized by microwave-assisted method using different types of fuels including graphene oxide, glycine, and citric acid. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy / energy dispersive analysis (SEM-EDAX), and spectrophotometry. The performance of the catalyst was evaluated with different electrochemical techniques including cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and amperometry. The data showed that specific current of urea electrooxidation on the modified surfaces reached 1400 A cm⁻²g ⁻¹ when using lanthanum nickel oxide catalyst mixed physically with CNT. The catalyst also is applicable at wide temperature range (10 {u00BA}C up to 50 {u00BA}C), and fuel concentrations 0.05 M urea to 1.0 M urea in basic (KOH) electrolyte. The Bismuth-based hybrid perovskite was prepared as alternative material to substitute the lead for perovskite-based solar cells. The structural and morphological characteristics of bismuthbased perovskite materials were compared to those of lead-based perovskites. Further, the optical properties and thermal behavior were studied to ensure the compatibility of the materials for solar cells uses. The Bismuth-based perovskite, more eco-friendly materials, has suitable band gap for solar application, and thermally stabilized up to 230 {u00BA}C