الفهرس 
Acknoledgements
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Abstract
TiO2-based PEC sensors have been commonly employed for
gas sensing, but they have rarely been employed for the detection
of pollutants in the liquid phase. Just a few examples have
recently appeared in literature for the latter condition including
the sensing and determination of chemical oxygen demand in
seawater, dopamine, Glucose, and hexavalent chromium, but not
used until now for photo-sensing of nitrite ions which is
considered as one of the most dangerous inorganic pollutant
presence in the environment. Therefore, the goal of this thesis
work is to develop cheap PEC sensor for the detection and
quantification of NO2
− ions using commercially available TiO2
nanomaterials (e.g. TiO2 P25). To achieve this goal, TiO2-based
PEC sensors have been fabricated and investigated in the dark
and under UV(A) light illumination (LED 365 nm) at different
conditions.
This thesis includes three chapters.
The first chapter (Introduction)
This chapter includes a literature survey about the following
points:-
i- Some applications of titanium dioxide in the field of
environmental sensing and energy production.
ii- The basic principle of TiO2 photocatalyst including its
crystal structures (i.e. anatase, rutile, brookite), band
structure, and optical properties (direct and indirect
transitions). The creation of heterostructure as an efficient
route to improve the PEC efficiency was also introduced.