الفهرس 
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Abstract
Summary
Acinetobacter baumannii is a major cause of hospital acquired infections. Also emergence of multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii is a major problem worldwide commonly poses a serious threat to the patients because of an increased fatality rate due to the reduced effectiveness of therapy options. Alsothe ability to form biofilm may contribute to its persistence in the environment that points towards cross transmission of Acinetobacter baumannii from the environment to the patients.
The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of A. baumannii in LRTIs from ICU patients and its probable environmental source and hence the role of environment in disease transmission in ICUs, identification of isolates by conventional methods, confirm the identification of the genus Acinetobacter baumannii through detection of blaOXA-51-like gene by PCR, test the isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii for their tendency to form biofilm and characterize the antibiotic resistance pattern of the isolates and its correlation with biofilm formation.
A total of 100 respiratory specimens & 60 environmental samples (including HCWs) were obtained from different ICUs. All the samples were processed using conventional microbiological methods. Then, confirm the identification of the genus Acinetobacter baumannii through detection of blaOXA-51-like gene by PCR. According to CLSI guidelines, antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done using the disk diffusion method . Biofilm forming ability was tested using microtitreplate method.
The prevalence of A. baumannii isolates among the studied specimens was (22.5%) 36/160, which represent about (30.0%) from patient samples and (10.0%) from environmental samples and there was a statistically significant difference between them ( P-value ≤ 0.05). All A.baumannii isolateshad the BlaOxa51 gene (100.0%) 36/36.
More than 90 % of isolates were resistant to Imipenem, Amikacin and Piperacillin, and 22.2 % of isolates were sensitive to Meropenem. The highest percentage of A. baumannii isolates showed pan drug resistance to antibiotics (75.0%), while (13.9 % ) showed XDR and (8.3 %) showed MDR.
Percent of isolates with biofilm production was (91.7 %) and isolates with non-biofilm production was (8.3 %). The highest percentage ofA. baumannii isolates showed weak biofilm producing (61.1%). The highest percentage of isolates with pan drug resistance and extensive drug resistance showed week biofilm producing (55.5%) and (60.0%) respectively.
Therefore, initial effective treatment and implementation of infection control programs are the most effective measures for controlling and decreasing spread of A. baumannii hospital acquired infections .