الفهرس 
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Abstract
c
hild labor is most prevalent in the developing regions of the world but it also exists in industrialized countries (e.g. 500.000child workers in Italy) child labor is more common in rural communities than in urban centers and is present in agriculture, domestic work, quarrying, fishing construction, manufacturing, mining, artisanal work, rug weaving, waste disposal, street vending, egging, shoe shining and prostitution in the military sector, an estimated 250.000children under 18 years of age. Some as young as seven- are currently serving in government armed forces or armed opposition groups as soldiers. Spies, Messengers, and porters, often, the most dangerous mission are delegated to child soldiers (International Council of Nurses, 2008).
Of nearly 218 million children engaged in child labor around the world, the vast majority-69%, or some 150 million-are working in agriculture. Child agricultural workers frequently work for long hours in scorching heat, haul heavy loads of produce, are exposed to toxic pesticides, and suffer high rates of injury from sharp knives and other dangerous tools. Their work is grueling and harsh, violating their rights to health, education, and protection from work that is hazardous or exploitative. According to the ILO’s new report on child, the number of children working in agriculture is nearly ten times that of children involved in factory work such as garment manufacturing, carpet-weaving, or soccer-ball stitching. Yet despite their numbers and the difficult nature of their work, children working in agriculture have received little attention compared to child labor in manufacturing (Human Right Watch B, 2006).
Aim of the study:
The aim of the study was to identify factors affecting health and safety of children in agriculture labor through:
. Determining occupational hazards and environmental
• factors affecting child health.
. Identifying risk factors affecting health status of
• children in agriculture labor.
. Assessing health and safety related knowledge of
• children in agriculture labor.
. Assessing family awareness about health and safety
• rights of their children during work.
. Determining educational needs of rural health nurses
regarding occupational health and safety role toward
• children in agriculture labor.
. Developing an occupational health and safety role
guide for rural health nurses regarding children in
• agriculture labor.