الفهرس | Only 14 pages are availabe for public view |
Abstract In the battle towards the discovery of a cancer vaccine, scientists are chasing safe, effective, and natural-based candidates. Their aim is to prompt a strong longterm immunity and establish an immune memory, hence, putatively prevent, and treat cancer, and limit the recurrence of an already excised tumor mass. Pathogen-based cancer immunotherapy is getting more consideration with some trials already applied clinically as the use of HPV and HBV vaccine a preventive measure against cancer cervix and hepatocellular carcinoma respectively. Additionally, BCG vaccine is used as a therapeutic tool for cancer of urinary bladder.Lots of experimental trials showed potent antineoplastic of some parasites and their antigens. The proposed mechanisms included immunostimulatory and antiangiogenic mechanisms. Moreover, proposed theory of molecular mimicry and cross antigenic reactivity between some parasites and cancer cells was also proved. Antigens mainly glycoproteins which are widely expressed in parasites can be detected in more than 80% of patients with cancer and have been under experimental and clinical investigations as markers and therapeutic targets for cancer. Those glycoproteins included the Thomsen Friedenreich (TF) and Thomsen-nouveau (Tn) antigens among others. |