الفهرس 
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Abstract
A bacterial strain becomes resistant to an antibiotic when it learns how to circumvent the defences built by the drugs that are supposed to keep it from spreading.
Patients with antibiotic-resistant illnesses are more likely to suffer serious complications and even death. B-lactam antibiotics, such as carbapenems, are used as a last option to treat multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are on the rise, putting the future of this class of antibiotics at risk.
Bacteria resistant to carbapenem at Beni-Suef University Hospital were studied using phenotypic (lateral flow immunoassay) and molecular approaches (conventional PCR).
It looked at lateral flow and titer plate methods. Of 353 clinical samples analysed, Gram Negative positive results were detected in 335. Carbapenem Resistant Gram Negative Bacteria were found in 96 of the 330 samples (CRGNB). A bacterium called Klebsiella Spps accounted for 78.1 percent of the samples (75/96). Several different CRGNB strains were isolated. Sputum (30.3 percent) and urine samples (46.9%) were the next most common specimens taken, followed by blood samples (17.7 percent ).
Antibiotic resistance in CRGNB isolates was tested using the disc diffusion method, which included imipenem, meropenem, and ceftazidime–avibactam (86 of the isolates after exclusion of Acinetobacter)
95 percent of Carbapenem Resistant Gram Negative isolates were identified to have the carbapenemase genes (0XA-48,NDM,KPC) by using three distinct lateral flow immunoassay techniques.
There were only 5% of people who were in the black. from 96.5 to 100 percent sensitivity and specificity compared to the gold standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Traditional PCR was used to identify 60 Gram Negative Carbapenem Resistant isolates.
Finally, but certainly not the least,
Carbapenem Resistant Gram Negative infections are on the rise in our country’s hospitals. OXA-48, NDM, KPC, VIM, and IMP are all part of the GNB at our Beni-Suef university hospital. As with PCR, lateral flow immunoassays detect the most frequent carbohydrate genes in the community using a similar method. Carbapenamase-producing germs can be identified using the lateral flow immunoassay because they are more infectious and more rapidly spread. Using ceftazidime–avibactam to treat carbapenem-resistant bacteria is not recommended by our institution.