الفهرس 
SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA OVERVIEWOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 181 |  |  |
| | | from | 181 | | |
Abstract
Nowadays there is an increasing in the numbers of cases of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) all over the world. which affect upper aerodigestive tract including the nasopharynx, paranasal sinuses, oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx and larynx.
Some evidences suggesting that HNCs are complex multifactorial disorders involving genetic factors lifestyle and environmental factors. Tobacco, alcohol and HPV (especially OPSCC) are considered the high risk factors of HNSCC.
Most patients with LA- HNSCC were treated with combined therapeutics and showed favorable survival outcomes as radiotherapy (RT) or surgery, surgery followed by radiation or chemoradiation, Concurrent chemoradiation, induction chemotherapy followed by RT, nanotechnology and immunotherapy, the efficacy of RT alone was shown to be reduced in cases of T3–4 category tumors, but concurrent chemoradiation is the standard of care in LA-HNSCC.
There are currently tow common treatment strategies supported by guidelines, concurrent cisplatin, or cetuximab with RT. Cisplatin has been the most extensively investigated concurrent chemotherapy agent for more than 50 years, due to its radio-sensitizing role. Now that the local-regional control benefit of addition of cisplatin to RT has been established in adjuvant setting as well as in definitive setting. The other strategy is in using cetuximab with RT, cetuximab is an IgG1-subclass monoclonal antibody that binds to the extracellular domain of the epidermal grouth factor receptor (EGFR) with higher affinity. Cetuximab used as initial treatment of patients with LA-HNSCC disease and as palliative treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic recurrent disease; it has been proven that RT with cetuximab results in a longer OS was compared to RT alone.