الفهرس 
A study in the potential anti-biofilm activity of selected natural products against biofilm formation by Klebsiella species
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Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae nosocomial infections represent a major cause of pneumonia in immunocompromised patients and is associated with high rates of multi-drug resistance with a need for effective anti-microbial agents.This study aimed to explore alternative natural products as safe, efficacious, cost-effective and multifunctional alternative antimicrobials. Fifty bacterial isolates from diagnosed cancer patients attending National Cancer Institute, Cairo, Egypt were collected from sputum, blood, surgical-wound swabs, and urine.The isolates were phenotypically and biochemically characterized. Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates to ceftazidime, aztreonam, amoxicillin/clavulanate, and imipenem using the disc diffusion method was documented. Forty-two isolates were resistant to ceftazidime, and nitrofurantoin, 40 isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, 44 isolates were resistant to aztreonam, 30 isolates were resistant to imipenem, 29 isolates were resistant to amikacin, 43 isolates were resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanate, and 14 isolates were resistant to tigecycline. from the 33 multi-drug resistant isolates, we found that nine isolates demonstrated strong biofilm formation. Seven strong biofilm forming MDR isolates were identified as K. pneumonia using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity of hydoalcoholic extracts of rosemary stems (Rosmarinus officinals), cinnamon barks (Cinnamomum verum), licorice roots (Glycyrrhiza glabra), and white-mustard seeds (Sinapis alba) were tested against the selected seven MDR strong biofilm forming K. pneumoniae isolates