الفهرس 
The possible ameliorating effect of ketogenic diet on some biochemical changes associated with the experimentally induced-status epilepticus
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Abstract
Ketogenic diet (KD) has been used for almost a century to treat drug-resistant epilepsy especially in children. Although ketosis has been speculated to play a key role, the exact mechanism is not fully understood. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the prophylactic effects of KD in lithium-pilocarpine rat model of status epilepticus (SE) which is known to reproduce most of the neuropathological features of human temporal lobe epilepsy. Adult female Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups. group I received standard diet for 3 weeks; group II received KD for 3 weeks; group III received standard diet for 3 weeks then injected with lithium chloride (127mg/kg, i.p.) followed by pilocarpine HCl (10mg/kg, i.p.) 18-20 hours later, repeatedly, till induction of SE; group IV received KD for 3 weeks and then subjected to SE induction. Rats were euthanized to measure the hippocampal contents of neurotransmitters (glutamate and GABA), ATP, ADP, adenosine, Na,K-ATPase, malondialdehyde and total antioxidant capacity. The activity of glutamic acid decarboxylase and the gene expression of glutamate receptor 5 were assessed. Hippocampus sections were stained by H&E to evaluate the neuronal damage and the immunoreactivity of inducible nitric oxide synthase, TNFÜ, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and synaptophysin was investigated. KD effectively increased adenine nucleotides, ameliorated oxidative stress, improved the balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, attenuated the inflammatory response, and preserved neuronal integrity in the hippocampus of SE rats. These findings highlight the ameliorating effects of KD on some biochemical changes involved in SE