الفهرس 
Effect of magnesium sulphate iontophoresis on myofacial trigger points in upper fibers of trapezius
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Abstract
Background: Myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) can be a significant source of pain and it is characterized by the presence of one or more trigger points, often in the upper trapezius. Iontophoresis is gaining wide popularity in the area of pain relief with different types of medications, it provides a non-invasive means of systemic administration of minute amount of drugs. Magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) is a muscle relaxant, a vasodilator and has an analgesic effect, till now there is a gap in literature about the effect of MgSO4 iontophoresis on MTrPs. Objective: To investigate the immediate effect and post treatment effect of MgSO4 iontophoresis on MTrPs in the upper fibers of trapezius. Method: Sixty participants (41 women and 19 men, aged 19{u2013}24 years) with active MTrPs on the dominant upper fiber of trapezius were enrolled in this study. They were randomly divided into 2 equal groups (study group (A) and control group (B)). group A (iontophoresis group) (n = 30) was treated with MgSO4 iontophoresis on the upper fiber of trapezius twice a week for 4 weeks, and the group B (direct current group) (n = 30) received direct current (without medication) on the upper fiber of trapezius twice a week for 4 weeks. The outcome measures were pain intensity which measured by visual analogue scale, pain threshold which measured by electronic algometer, neck range of motion which measured by myrin gravity reference goniometer (OB goniometer), and neck function which measured by Arabic Neck disability index; they were assessed before treatment, immediately after the first session, and at the end of treatment period. Results: The differences within and between groups were measured using mixed design MANOVA. Within and between group analysis of all outcome measures in both groups revealed significant differences in favor of the intervention group (p < 0.05)