الفهرس 
Bee venom phonophoresis for the treatment of acute pain following inguinal hernia repair
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Abstract
Background: post-operative acute pain is a common problem in participants with unilateral indirect inguinal hernioplasty. Purpose: To determine the impact of bee venom phonophopresis in reducing acute pain in participants with indirect unilateral inguinal hernioplasty. Patients, materials and methods: Thirty males aged from 28 to 50 years suffered from acute pain following indirect unilateral inguinal hernioplasty were selected randomly from Al-Sheikh Zayed Al-Nahyan Hospital, Cairo, Egypt and Al-Zahraa University Hospital, Cairo, Egypt. They were randomly divided into 2 equal groups in number of 15 male participants each; Study group (group A) received bee venom phonophoresis, time was 5 minutes for each session.3 sessions a week, for 3 consecutive weeks with regular medical care, and a control group (group B) received low intensity pulsed ultrasound, time was the same as (group A) in addition to regular medical care.The primary outcome was pain which was measured by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and secondary outcome was Range of Motion (ROM) which was measured by Manual goniometer. Results: There was a significant decrease in VAS and increase in hip Range of Motion (ROM) as P<0.05 with participants received bee venom phonophoresis (group A) more than (group B) following indirect unilateral inguinal hernioplasty. Conclusion: Bee venom phonophoresis is a beneficial method in reducing acute pain following indirect unilateral inguinal herniopalsty